Cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine

Cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine Download PDF EPUB FB2

Cocaine is a potent stimulant which affects cardiovascular system severely. The mechanism of cardiac toxicity depends on multiple factors. Cocaine increases sympathetic stimulation and causes excess catecholamine secretion. Besides, its indirect sympathomimetic effect also directly exerts cardiotoxic effect by different cellular, molecular, and ionic mechanisms, resulting in Author: Parthasarathi Pramanik, Raghvendra Kumar Vidua.

Cocaine is the leading cause for drug–abuse-related visits to emergency departments, most of which are due to cardiovascular Cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine book. Through its diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, cocaine exerts various adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, many times with grave results.

Cocaine Cardiovascular Toxicity Article Literature Review in Southern Medical Journal 98(8) September with 35 Reads How we measure 'reads'. López Fernández, J. López Sendón, in Anti-Cancer Treatments and Cardiotoxicity, Cardiovascular toxicity is a reality that impacts the quality of life and the overall survival of cancer patients.

Careful analysis of the needs of these patients is mandatory to develop preventive strategies focused on the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular toxicities. A review of cocaine cardiovascular toxicity found benzodiazepines may not always reliably lower heart rate and blood pressure.

[24] Nitric-oxide mediated vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin and nitroprusside, are effective at lowering blood pressure and reversing coronary arterial vasoconstriction, but not heart rate.

[24]Specialty: Psychiatry, narcology. Maternal-fetal cardiovascular system: a target of cocaine / James R. Woods, Jr., and Mark A. Plessinger --Pharmacokinetics and time-action profile of cocaine in dogs / R.

Douglas Wilkerson, Peter N. Temesy-Armos, and Theodore D. Fraker, Jr. --Acute tolerance to the chronotropic effect of cocaine in humans / John J. Ambre [and others. Widespread use of cocaine and its attendant toxicity has produced a wealth of benchwork studies and small animal investigations that evaluated the effects of.

Cardiovascular complications are exceedingly rare, despite the theoretical risk of a sympathetic toxidrome that could result in similar complications to amphetamine or cocaine toxicity.

Even when ketamine is used illegally and taken in a far less regulated manner, scant information exists to suggest it poses a significant cardiovascular risk. Author: Rohin Francis, Azad Ghuran. Cocaine is more dangerous when combined with other drugs or alcohol. It is easy to lose control over cocaine use and become addicted.

Then, even if you get treatment, it can be hard to stay off the drug. People who stopped using cocaine can still feel strong cravings for the drug, sometimes even years later.

NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Cocaine R. Douglas Wilkerson Arteriosclerotic Toxicity of Cocaine Ronald O. Langner, Collette L. Bement, and Lynda E. Perry Mechanisms of Cocaine Abuse and Toxicity: An Overview Thomas K. Dunwiddie List of NIDA Research Monographs viiFile Size: 2MB.

Phenothiazines are preferred to control CNS signs in amphetamine toxicosis (see below for cocaine toxicosis).

Other anticonvulsants, such as diazepam, barbiturates, or isoflurane, may be used if ying the urine with ammonium chloride (25–50 mg/kg/day, PO, qid) or ascorbic acid (20–30 mg/kg, PO, SC, IM, or IV) may enhance amphetamine elimination in the. The only established, if empirically based, guidelines for cardiovascular monitoring in children during treatment were published inby Steinherz et al.

Increasing knowledge about cardiovascular toxicity in long-term survivors, increasing options for cardioprotection, and expanding tools for monitoring all indicate the need to reassess Cited by: Abstract.

This study was designed to determine the toxicity of cocaine on heart and other organ tissues. To investigate this, in study one, BALB/C mice were injected daily with either saline or one of three doses of cocaine (ip): 10mg/kg, 30mg/kg, or 50mg/namic parameters, hepatic biochemical changes, heart and liver apoptosis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) Author: Ju-Feng Wang, Matthew E.

Sullivan, Jiangyong Min, James P. Morgan. Hyperthermia is a specific complication of cocaine overdose, which further amplifies the drug's cardiovascular toxicity. The precise mechanism by which cocaine impairs both cutaneous vasodilation and sweating is still unknown but likely has a central mechanism of action because heat perception was also impaired by cocaine.

Recommend this book. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: implications for nicotine replacement therapy.

Cocaine cardiovascular toxicity. South Med J ; –9. Frishman WH, Del Vecchio A, Sanal S, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations of substance abuse part 1: cocaine. A lot of studies demonstrated a high incidence of congenital cardiovascular and brain malformations in offspring born to mothers with a history of cocaine abuse.

Keywords: Cocaine toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, cocaine induced hepatotoxicity, prenatal exposure, pulmonary toxicity, cocaine-related renal injury, local and systemic effects.

[SIZE=-1]Cocaethylene is a psychoactive ethyl homologue of cocaine, and is formed exclusively during the coadministration of cocaine and a natural alkaloid of the coca leaf, cocaethylene can be identified in the urine, blood, hair, and neurological and liver tissue samples of individuals who have consumed both cocaine and alcohol.

With a pharmacologic. These changes may be due to long-term catecholamine toxicity and include cardiac hypertrophy, microangiopathy and myocardial fibrosis. 35 Electrocardiographic and autopsy studies confirm that the heart weight of cocaine users, is, on average, ten percent greater than expected values.

36, 37 It is not clear how cocaine initiates the process of. concerning beta-blocker usage in the setting of cocaine intoxication, and cocaine associated chest pain and myocardial ischemia.

The literature search was conducted using PUB Med and included English language publications from Keywords: Cocaine, beta-blockers, cocaine chest pain, MI, emergency department.

Keywords:Cardiovascular toxicity, cellular mechanisms, cocaine, ion channels, molecular mechanisms, drug overdose, cardiovascular complications, cocaine cardiotoxicity, sympathomimetic effect, heart muscle.

Abstract:Cocaine is a widely abused drug responsible for the majority of deaths ascribed to drug overdose. Many mechanisms have been. Ketamine is a structural analog of the dissociative anesthetic and recreational drug phencyclidine (PCP).[1] Similar to phenylcyclidine, ketamine causes analgesia and amnesia without the cardiovascular and respiratory depression associated with common anesthetics.[1] Originally called CI, ketamine has one-tenth the potency of PCP and causes less severe .The peripheral cardiovascular action of cocaine involves the inhibition of reuptake of catecholamines at adrenergic nerve terminals, with local release of epinephrine, direct stimulation and vasospasm of the coronary arteries, coronary intimai hyperplasia, inhibition of baroreceptors, interference with the electrical conduction through the Cited by:   "The book presents an excellent comprehensive discussion of biomarkers in various specialized areas of toxicology.

These include toxicity testing models, biomarkers in biological systems and special physiological states such as certain disease conditions, specific agents as biomarkers, and biomarkers of special areas of interest such as Book Edition: 1.